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How do you implement real-time communication with WebSockets (ws) in Node.js?

Q: How do you implement real-time communication with WebSockets (ws) in Node.js?

**TL;DR.** **WebSockets** upgrade an HTTP connection to a **persistent, full-duplex** channel so server and client **push** messages anytime without polling. The ws library attaches to an HTTP server, emits 'connection' and 'message' events, and you **broadcast** by iterating connected clients. client Upgrade → ws:// full-duplex push <text class='d-text

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Upgrading HTTP to a persistent duplex connection.

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Echo + broadcast server

import { WebSocketServer } from 'ws';
const wss = new WebSocketServer({ port: 8080 });

wss.on('connection', (socket) => {
  socket.on('message', (data) => {
    // broadcast to everyone
    for (const client of wss.clients) {
      if (client.readyState === client.OPEN) client.send(data);
    }
  });
});

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