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How do you handle loading and error states for data fetching in Next.js?

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01

Understand the problem

loading.js / Suspense and error.js boundaries.

nextjsloadingerror-handlingsuspense
02

Attempt it yourself

Sketch your approach before reading the solution — that's what interviews test.

Nudge consolestandby

Stuck? Beam a request up — the console returns a conceptual nudge that guides your logic without spoiling the implementation.

03

Study the solution

Use loading.js (or ) to show loading UI while Server Component data resolves, and error.js to catch fetch/render failures with retry. For expected states (empty, not found) handle them in code, often with notFound().

Solution ready — 2 min read

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04

Read the code

Loading + error + expected empty
// app/products/loading.tsx → streamed fallback
export default function Loading() { return <Skeleton />; }

// app/products/page.tsx
import { notFound } from 'next/navigation';
export default async function Page() {
  const products = await getProducts();       // throw → caught by error.tsx
  if (products.length === 0) return <Empty />; // expected: handle inline
  return <Grid products={products} />;
}
05

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