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What is the sliding window technique?

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01

Understand the problem

Explain sliding window.

sliding-window
02

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03

Study the solution

Sliding window maintains a contiguous range over an array/string, expanding and shrinking it to satisfy a constraint — turning many O(n²) substring/subarray problems into O(n). Examples: longest substring without repeating characters, max sum of size-k window.

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04

Read the code

Max sum of a fixed window
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def max_window_sum(arr, k):
    window = sum(arr[:k])
    best = window
    for i in range(k, len(arr)):
        window += arr[i] - arr[i - k]   # add new, drop old
        best = max(best, window)
    return best


# --- demo ---
print(max_window_sum([1, 4, 2, 9, 3, 5, 1], 3))   # 17  -> [9,3,5]
05

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