Explain sort stability.
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What is a stable sorting algorithm?
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stabilitysorting
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A stable sort preserves the relative order of elements with equal keys. This matters when sorting by multiple criteria in passes (e.g. sort by name, then by date keeps same-date items in name order). Merge sort and insertion sort are stable; standard quicksort and heapsort are not.
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Stable multi-key sort
Run Playgroundpeople = [("Bob", 30), ("Ann", 25), ("Cy", 30), ("Dan", 25)]
# sort by age; Timsort is stable, so equal ages keep input order
by_age = sorted(people, key=lambda p: p[1])
# --- demo --- Ann before Dan, Bob before Cy (input order preserved)
print(by_age) # [('Ann', 25), ('Dan', 25), ('Bob', 30), ('Cy', 30)]05
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