Outline a KV store.
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hardSystem Design
How would you design a distributed key-value store?
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01
Understand the problem
key-value-store
02
Attempt it yourself
Sketch your approach before reading the solution — that's what interviews test.
Nudge consolestandby
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03
Study the solution
Step 1: Outline use cases and constraints
Gather requirements and scope the problem. Ask questions to clarify use cases and constraints. Discuss assumptions.
Use cases
We'll scope the problem to handle only the following use cases
- User performs core action described in How would you design a dis
Solution ready — 2 min read
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04
Read the code
Pick N replica nodes for a key
Run Playgroundimport hashlib, bisect
class Ring: # consistent hashing (see that question)
def __init__(self, nodes, vnodes=50):
self.ring, self.points = {}, []
for n in nodes:
for i in range(vnodes):
h = int(hashlib.md5((n + str(i)).encode()).hexdigest(), 16)
self.ring[h] = n
bisect.insort(self.points, h)
def nodes_for(self, key, n): # key's node + next distinct ones = N replicas
h = int(hashlib.md5(key.encode()).hexdigest(), 16)
i = bisect.bisect(self.points, h) % len(self.points)
out, seen = [], set()
while len(out) < n:
node = self.ring[self.points[i % len(self.points)]]
if node not in seen:
seen.add(node)
out.append(node)
i += 1
return out
ring = Ring(["A", "B", "C", "D"])
print("user:1 ->", ring.nodes_for("user:1", n=3)) # 3 replicas
print("cart:9 ->", ring.nodes_for("cart:9", n=3))05
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