Design a distributed email service at scale — requirements, capacity, and trade-offs.
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hardSystem Design
How would you design a distributed email service?
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01
Understand the problem
system-designcase-study
02
Attempt it yourself
Sketch your approach before reading the solution — that's what interviews test.
Nudge consolestandby
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03
Study the solution
Design Distributed Email Service
| Stage | Detail |
|---|---|
| Send | API → queue → workers pull 10/s per IP throttled |
| Reputation | IP warmup + SPF/DKIM/DMARC + feedback loop |
| Storage | S3 raw + MySQL status (queued/sent/bounced/complained) |
| Retry | exponential backoff `5m,30m,2 |
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Dossier 95 of 99 decoded in the System Design track. One more won't hurt.