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How does Timsort make Python's sort fast and stable?

Q: How does Timsort make Python's sort fast and stable?

**Timsort** is Python's built-in sort (`list.sort`, `sorted`) — a hybrid of **merge sort** and **insertion sort** tuned for **real-world data**, which often has pre-sorted stretches. It scans for existing ascending/descending **runs**, extends short runs with insertion sort up to a minimum length, then **merges** runs using a smart balancing strategy: detect runs run [2,5,9] run [1,4,8] <r

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