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mediumDSA

How do you group anagrams together?

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01

Understand the problem

Explain grouping anagrams.

stringshashing
02

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03

Study the solution

Use a hash map keyed by a canonical form of each word — either the sorted characters (O(n·k log k)) or a 26-length count signature (O(n·k)). Words sharing a key go in the same bucket. The signature key avoids the sort cost.

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04

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Group by canonical key
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from collections import defaultdict

def group_anagrams(words):
    groups = defaultdict(list)
    for w in words:
        key = ''.join(sorted(w))      # or a 26-count tuple
        groups[key].append(w)
    return list(groups.values())


# --- demo ---
print(group_anagrams(["eat", "tea", "tan", "ate", "nat", "bat"]))
# [['eat', 'tea', 'ate'], ['tan', 'nat'], ['bat']]
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