Explain deep-copying a graph.
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Understand the problem
graphshashingbfs
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Attempt it yourself
Sketch your approach before reading the solution — that's what interviews test.
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Study the solution
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Give it an honest attempt first — then compare your thinking with the full walkthrough.
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Read the code
BFS with original→clone map
Run Playgroundfrom collections import deque
class Node:
def __init__(self, val):
self.val = val
self.neighbors = []
def clone_graph(node):
if not node:
return None
clones = {node: Node(node.val)}
q = deque([node])
while q:
cur = q.popleft()
for nb in cur.neighbors:
if nb not in clones:
clones[nb] = Node(nb.val)
q.append(nb)
clones[cur].neighbors.append(clones[nb])
return clones[node]
# --- demo --- square graph 1-2-3-4-1
a, b, c, d = Node(1), Node(2), Node(3), Node(4)
a.neighbors = [b, d]; b.neighbors = [a, c]
c.neighbors = [b, d]; d.neighbors = [a, c]
copy = clone_graph(a)
print(copy is not a) # True (deep copy)
print(copy.val, [n.val for n in copy.neighbors]) # 1 [2, 4]05
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