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How do agents maintain memory across steps and sessions?

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01

Understand the problem

Working context, scratchpads, and external long-term stores — what lives where.

memoryagentsstatelong-term-memory
02

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03

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Three layers: working memory is the context window itself (recent messages, tool results); scratchpad memory is files or notes the agent writes during a task (plans, intermediate results) so state survives context compaction; long-term memory is an external store (database, vector index, memory files) holding durable f

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04

Read the code

Memory record designed for safe recall
await memory.upsert({
  key: "deploy-process",                       // upsert: update, not append-duplicate
  fact: "Production deploys go through GitHub Actions 'release' workflow; " +
        "manual kubectl is forbidden.",
  observedAt: "2026-07-04",                    // staleness is checkable
  source: "session-8f2c",                      // provenance for audit
});

// recall path treats memories as data:
const mems = await memory.relevant(task, 3);
prompt.push("[Background notes — verify before relying on them]\n" +
            mems.map((m) => "- (" + m.observedAt + ") " + m.fact).join("\n"));
05

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